3,700-year-old Babylonian stone tablet gets translated, changes history
By Megaphone StaffOct. 1 2024, Updated 4:48 p.m. ET
Dr. Daniel Mansfield and his team at the University of New South Wales in Australia have made an incredible discovery. While studying a 3,700-year-old tablet from the ancient civilization of Babylon, they found evidence that the Babylonians were doing something astounding: trigonometry!
While the Greeks have long been credited with developing trigonometry, this tablet provides clear evidence that the Babylonians used these techniques 1,500 years earlier.
Mansfield and his team are, understandably, incredibly proud.
They discovered that the tablet is actually an ancient trigonometry table.
Mansfield said:
“The huge mystery, until now, was its purpose – why the ancient scribes carried out the complex task of generating and sorting the numbers on the tablet. Our research reveals that Plimpton 322 describes the shapes of right-angle triangles using a novel kind of trigonometry based on ratios, not angles and circles. It is a fascinating mathematical work that demonstrates undoubted genius."
“The tablet not only contains the world’s oldest trigonometric table; it is also the only completely accurate trigonometric table, because of the very different Babylonian approach to arithmetic and geometry. This means it has great relevance for our modern world. Babylonian mathematics may have been out of fashion for more than 3,000 years, but it has possible practical applications in surveying, computer graphics and education. This is a rare example of the ancient world teaching us something new.”
The tablet predates Greek astronomer Hipparchus, long regarded as the father of trigonometry. Mansfield's colleague, Norman Widberger, added:
“Plimpton 322 predates Hipparchus by more than 1,000 years. It opens up new possibilities not just for modern mathematics research, but also for mathematics education. With Plimpton 322 we see a simpler, more accurate trigonometry that has clear advantages over our own.”"A treasure trove of Babylonian tablets exists, but only a fraction of them have been studied yet. The mathematical world is only waking up to the fact that this ancient but very sophisticated mathematical culture has much to teach us.”
People were understandably excited by the news.
Some mathematicians believe studying Babylonian methods could improve modern trigonometry practices.
Naturally, there were some skeptics...
But all in all, X users were pretty impressed with the Babylonians' skills, with one user who goes by the name of Marty adding "And they figured it out 3,700 years ahead of me...and counting."
Congratulations to Dr. Mansfield and his team on their incredible discovery... and for making trigonometry exciting!
This article was originally published February 10, 2020. It has since been updated.
